Ethics Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility

Introduction Business activities are not solely established to generate profits for the investors and other stakeholders. The role of a business activity is to benefit the investor and also the community where the business is located. It is necessary to note that a business that actively participates in social activities maintains positive relations with the community.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ethics Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Without corporate social responsibilities a business will not achieve the benefits of healthy relations with the community. In addition, corporate governance and ethics are key issues that determine the performance of businesses. This report presents an overview of the role of corporate governance, social responsibility and ethic and ways of improving service delivery. Case Study 1: Tainted-Baby-Milk Scandal in China This case study explores a situation where a company has supplied poisoned milk to the market. This was as a result of the presence of harmful chemicals that were alleged to cause kidney stones in infants. The baby powder milk supplied by China’s biggest dairy plant Sanlu Group caused the death of three children and subjected more than 6200 to kidney infections. This was not the first case of food contamination China has experienced. In 2007 there was a similar case of pet food poisoning that took long before the products were recalled. It seems that food poisoning is becoming a common problem in China and this issue raises questions regarding the role of the department of health and standards in China. However, the most shocking aspect about this incidence is the manner this problem was handled. The New Zealand Dairy Cooperative Fonterra got wind of this incidence on august but blames the Chinese authorities for delaying to recall the products. The Chinese Health Ministry announced c ame into existence by announcing in mid September that the baby powder milk was contaminated and gave the public the shocking statistics. Andrew Ferrier, the chief executive officer of Fonterra put a brave face and blamed the Chinese systems for the delay. Even though, Zhang Zhenling offered an apology to the affected families he did not justify the delay in recalling the poisoned milk formula. Parents had raised questions regarding this product in March. China has had several instances of food poisoning including the 2004 incidence where 13 babies died, the 2007 discovering of poisonous fish, tooth paste, drugs and toys. Fonterra’s Liabilities and Responsibilities This company has several liabilities and responsibilities regarding the incidence of food poisoning that became a global issue. Human life is more important than all other aspects of life. However, this company has failed the integrity and liability tests regarding product and service qualities.Advertising Loo king for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First this company has failed the compliance and value based culture that is traditionally supposed to steer companies to produce products based on value prescriptions. It produced substandard products and this means it did not conduct any quality tests to determine the appropriateness of its products for human consumption. In addition, it failed to raise alarm regarding the quality of this product even though it received complaints months before the unfortunate incidence occurred. This means it failed in its strategies to develop a healthy corporate social responsibility. It affected the quality of life of children and their parents, perpetuated the spread of infections, disobeyed the law regarding quality production and made losses due to poor corporate social responsibility. Secondly, it failed to separate and apply value and integrity based cultures in producing and supplying its products. This principle demands that in case a rule does not apply in a situation workers must use integrity issues to guide their activities. Therefore, they should have assessed the quality of their products based on moral issues before supplying them to the market. Even though, the milk formula caused death, infections and traumatised families the management offered a half hearted apology without giving details of how the incidence occurred and the delay in recalling the product. This was an irresponsible behaviour that contributed to an increase in complications caused by their poisoned product. In addition, this showed that it was managed by ineffective and unethical leaders who did not have any abilities to influence safeguard the company’s image or address the pleas of consumers. It failed to integrate corporate governance with corporate social responsibility and in the process failed to scan its strategic plans, ignored to monitor performa nce indicators and exhibited poor international practices. In addition, its labour capital seemed to lack adequate knowledge to handle challenges associated with quality production. These events have affected the external environment of this business since consumers have lost hope in purchasing its products. In addition, the market share growth of this company will drop since investors will not risk investing their money in a company that has a bad image in both local and international markets. Structural and Procedural Recommendations Fonterra commands a wide market both in China and other countries and this means its operations are huge. However, the failure to notice errors in its products is a serious issue that demands an immediate reinstatement of its top managers in the production and quality department. The quality of a product is as good as a company’s name and thus these two issues cannot be separated. Secondly, it is important that this company considers evaluating its machines and adopt modern technology in evaluating product qualities.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Ethics Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the public relations department seems to be unaware of its roles in encountering difficulties experienced during crisis. The company must develop a robust crisis management department that will address issues immediately they are raised. Lastly, it should not be ready to blame other stakeholders when a crisis occurs; however, it should develop its systems to ensure errors caused by other stakeholders are not perpetuated in its processes. Case Study 2: The Oil Spill from the Exxon Valdez 1989 will remain an eyesore and a painful memory to residents of Alaska when Exxon Valdez grounded at Prince William Sound. The incidence led to marine oil spillages that were estimated to be about 10 million gallons. Despit e the presence of an emergency plan that was expected to offer immediate action nothing was done 18 hours after the incidence occurred. This coastline has eight emergency operators (Alyeska Pipeline Joint Ventures, Exxon, British Petroleum, Mobile, Arco, Unocal, Phillips Petroleum and Amerada Hess) that work together to ensure that vessels and people at the sea are safe from natural and man made hazards. Moreover, Exxon was not fully equipped to handle any oil spillages since it admitted later that it was unable to handle the situation. This was within a few days after the incidence had occurred and this means that most marine activities had been adversely affected. In addition, this company claimed that there were difficulties in establishing coordination with other companies and this affected their work. Poor Corporate Responsibility and Its Consequences Even though, these companies were located next to each other they had never developed strategies of ensuring that they work toge ther in fighting tragedies. Moreover, the situation worsened when Lawrence Rawls stayed away from all public comments for more than seven days; therefore, keeping the public in panic and suspense. However, he made no effort to explain the tragedy and instead blamed God and other stakeholders for causing the accident. His management style had raised eyebrows since his assumption of office in 1985. More than 80, 000 workers were sacked including tanker crews and oil spill experts. He cut down emergency costs, reduced personnel and ignored drill results that were essential in helping this company to manage hazards. In addition, he never paid attention to employees and how they performed their jobs. This was evident in the incidences where the vessels captain was found drunk on several occasions including the day when the accident happened.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This company was supposed to pay $ 400 according to the lawsuits filed against it for disciplinary damages. Even though, the clean up exercise cost the company about $ 2 billion it was not as successful as people expected. The fishing industry demanded a compensation of $ 180 million. This company was dealt a major blow when it was forced to pay $ 700 million for misdemeanors and felonies. The failure to listen to other workers created room for disasters to have serious consequences on the business and other stakeholders. The manager failed to appreciate the role played by other stakeholders in ensuring all business activities run smoothly. It was not able to control the oil spillages since it had inadequate equipment. Moreover, 10 million gallons of oil cannot be controlled by a single company no matter how it has invested in equipment. Recommendations Leading by example is an effective leadership strategy that ensures junior workers and other stakeholders follow the steps adopted by the manager. People learn from others and those in authority play significant roles in shaping the behaviour of other employees. However, Lawrence Rawls became the opposite of the demands of learning corporate culture when he started sacking employees, cut down budgetary allocations on disaster management and ignored other related companies in conducting various disaster preparedness drills. He ignored the need to maintain the corporate culture that would have ensured employees and other stakeholders feel to be part of the company. In addition, he wasted a lot of time in developing revenue generating measures and ignored its corporate social roles. This separated the business from the society and other key stakeholders. Carroll proposes four key players (economy, law, ethics and discretion) in ensuring a company fulfills its corporate social roles. First, all businesses are investments that must generate income by offering quality services. Production must follow both professiona l and legal requirements to ensure the business does not interfere with national values. In addition, they must conduct their operations in an ethical manner that respects the values, cultures and beliefs of its workers, neighbours and the community. Lastly, the society offers cheap labour and ready market for a company’s products and services. Therefore, it is advisable that the company should participate in philanthropic activities that ensure it appreciates the support offered by the society. Conclusion The performance of a company is determined by the abilities of managers to incorporate various issues in the processes of this company. Governance and corporate social responsibility ensures a company follows the economic, ethical, legal and communal requirements. Successful companies respect their employees, competitors, neighbours and local and foreign communities. This case study on Ethics Corporate Governance and Social Responsibility was written and submitted by user Purple Elk to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Agar Cubes Lab Report Essays

Agar Cubes Lab Report Essays Agar Cubes Lab Report Paper Agar Cubes Lab Report Paper Diffusion in agar cubes Introduction: All cells are dependent on a processes called diffusion, which is the movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Cells need to obtain certain essential substances, like oxygen, for their survival. The rate of diffusion is said to be dependent upon the various factors: Size of molecules that have to diffuse, concentration gradient, the distance across which diffusion occurs, number of pores/openings, surface area and concentration. This rate of diffusion is measured by considering the mime taken for changes to physical changes to occur. This experiment consists of using agar mixed with an indicator that changes color when places in a basic solution. It will measure the amount of diffusion that occurs in the agar blocks to determine the effect of cell size on the cells ability to obtain substances by diffusion. Purpose:Determine how surface area and volume relate to one another and how the rate of diffusion varies with the ratio of surface area to volume. In the experiment, we will use the base/acid indicator Phenolphthalein in three efferent sized agar cubes dipped in a sodium hydroxide solution. This will make it possible to measure the depth to which the color has penetrated and will demonstrate the relationship between diffusion and volume. Materials: -agar -scalpel -spoon -two large beakers -ruler -timer -Potassium manganese (Kimono ) -Hydrogen chloride (HCI) Methods: -Make two trays of Agar Gelatin. One pure and one dyed pink. -Use the scalpel to cut three agar cubes of each tray: a CM cube, a CM cube and a LLC cube (total of six cubes). Pour the Potassium manganese (Kimono ) into one of the beakers and Hydrogen chloride (HCI) in the other. Immerse the CM clear cube in the pink Potassium manganese (Kimono ) and the pink agar cube in the clear Hydrogen chloride (HCI). -Set the timer to 10 minutes. -After the 10 minutes, use the spoon to take the cubes out of the beakers and dry them with a paper towel. -Cut both cubes in half with the scalpel. -With the ruler, measure how deep the pink penetrated the clear cube and how much the pink cube absorbed the acid. -Repeat the pro cedure with the smaller bubs, always leaving them in the beaker for 10 minutes. The pink agar cubed immersed in Hydrogen chloride (HCI) had a faster process of diffusion than the clear agar cube immersed in Potassium manganese (Kimono ). Conclusion: The reason cells are so small is because it facilitates the diffusion. As seen in the experiment, diffusion is more efficient when there is a bigger surface area to volume ratio. This process is essential for every cell to bring nutrients and release wastes and it is only possible due to the fact that cells are very small, making the diffusion a lot faster.

Pollution Due to Vehicular Emissions Case Study

Pollution Due to Vehicular Emissions - Case Study Example It changed from a colonial headquarters to a national capital. It was suddenly the most important and active center for governance, commerce, industry, culture and education. The consequent rise in population and economic activity resulted in the city's unprecedented growth. With civic amenities not being able to keep pace with the city's expansion in terms of population, vehicles, loss of green cover and so on, pollution rose and touched alarming levels. The state government along with non-government organizations and concerned citizens including school children has been aware for some time now about the urgency of keeping pollution under control. Some measures have been taken though the battle against pollution is still far from won. This paper examines the problem of pollution caused by vehicular emissions in the Indian Capital of New Delhi. The steps taken to control it, subsequent results and future intentions are discussed briefly. According to the White Paper on Pollution in Delhi, 1997, 67% of the total air pollution can be attributed to vehicular emissions. The phenomenal increase in number of vehicles in Delhi can be best appreciated when one is confronted with actual numbers. According to the same paper it is learnt that number of vehicles in Delhi rose from two hundred and thirty five thousand in 1975 to two million six hundred and twenty nine thousand in 1996! While in 1975 the number of vehicles in Delhi and Mumbai were about the same, by 1997, Delhi had three times the number of vehicles in Mumbai. Understanding the urgency of the situation the Ministry of Environment and Forests after much deliberation with concerned government agencies, NGOs, experts and citizens, produced a comprehensive Action Plan that prescribed a number of measures to combat Delhi's rapidly increasing pollution. It was quite clear that if the air in Delhi was to be cleared, vehicular emissions had to be addressed first of all in any strategy to control air pollution in the city. Earlier in 1995 the Centre for Science and Environment had succeeded in creating awareness among the people of the dangers of air pollution in Delhi. The CSE campaign called for a shift from use of diesel as fuel for vehicles in Indian cities towards Compressed Natural Gas. Eventually, in December 2002 the Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) program was implemented. All public transport vehicles had to run on CNG only. Air quality in Delhi improved perceptibly yet there was still much scope for improvement. Five years later, by November 2007, an alarm went up again with annual average levels of reparable suspended particulate matter showing an upward swing the previous year. It was believed that the gains from the CNG program had been lost with all first generation options having been exhausted. Sunita Narain, Director CSE said strict measures needed to be taken with a second generation of reforms that would address new challenges. The rate at which the city was adding new personal vehicles each day to its roads doubled that of the pre-CNG days. However, the gravity of the situation was not lost on at least some members of the government and the Chief Minister of Delhi, Ms Sheila

Should be banned or not smoking in the sociery Essay

Should be banned or not smoking in the sociery - Essay Example Some of these arguments are seen to include. Why Smoking should not be banned in Society Proponents of smoking point out that most societies accept that adults can be able to decide to cause some form of harm to their individual selves as long as such harm is not seen to extend to other individuals. As such, the imposition of smoking bans in public places is not essentially valid as passive smokers who do not wish to involuntarily inhale tobacco smoke should naturally avoid going to places where smoking has been allowed. Proponents of smoking point out that as a result of its being legal for individuals to be allowed to smoke, it is essentially not within the rights of governments to try and cause people to desist from smoking. Smokers are not a liability to anyone as they are able to find their own healthcare via the relatively high taxes that they happen to pay on tobacco and in any case, any efforts by the government to try and dissuade smokers from smoking would be extremely diff icult as heavy smokers are normally seen to be addicted to nicotine and cannot be able to give up on smoking easily. It is also pointed out that any attempts to ban smoking in public spaces would have the involuntary effect of driving most clubs, bars and pubs out of business as smokers would avoid going to such places. These businesses would also be seen to run the risk of generating less revenue by any bans on tobacco sales (Whittingdale 130). In most places, pubs are seen to be social communal centers that aid in bringing the members of a given community together and in addition to this function, they also provide ample job opportunities for individuals that might happen to be having relatively few job skills. As opposed to attempting to place a ban on smoking, pubs should be encouraged to set up non-smoking bars to cater for the needs of the non-smoking patrons. There is a relatively large number of non-smokers who are seen to be working in smoky environments and do not seem to mind it. Most individuals are of the view that it is better for them to be working in the smoky job environment as opposed to the unenviable option of not having any job at all. In the event that an organization happens to employ a large number of non-smokers, it is possible for the company to invest in the installation of ventilation fans to help in removing the smoke from the office. Why Smoking should be banned in Society Scientists have been able to show that smoking is fraught with a number of dangers as it can lead to cancer, heart disease and stroke. According to Hong, the use of tobacco is largely considered to be the single largest cause of cases of preventable cancer deaths across the world. Cigarette smoking is estimated to account for an approximated over 1 million cancer deaths in the world each year, with a staggering ninety percent of lung cancer incidents and mortality cases being attributed to smoking (386). In addition to this menace, smoking has been shown to not only harm the smokers, but also any people who might happen to be near the smoking individual in what is commonly referred to as passive smoking. Although the smoker makes the active decision to engage in smoking, the people around the smoker essentially do not make the decision to smoke in a passive manner and as such, a complete ban on smoking in society should be effected so as to effectively protect such individuals. The enforcement of a ban on smoking would serve to encourage smokers

Arousal Theories Essay Example for Free

Arousal Theories Essay During the rallies, you could see that their arousal levels were increasing because he kept hitting the shuttle harder and harder each time and because he is in the autonomous stage of learning, as arousal levels increased, so did their performance as they won most rallies. Theory: Drive theory – this theory states that as arousal levels increase, so does performance/dominant response. With cognitive learners, their dominant response is usually incorrect, so low arousal levels work best as their dominant response is decreased. With athletes in the autonomous stage, their dominant response is usually correct, so high arousal levels work best as their performance increases. Inverted U theory At low levels of arousal, performance will be below par, the athlete is not psyched up. As arousal increases so does performance, up to an optimal point. After this point, further increases in arousal lead to declines in performance. Each athlete has their own optimal level of arousal. Optimal arousal is higher for more simple tasks and lower for more complex tasks. An increase in arousal causes improvement in performance up to an optimal point (moderate arousal level). After this point, increased arousal leads to deteriorated performance. Catastrophe theory – like the inverted U theory, catastrophe theory claims that as somatic arousal increases then the quality of performance improves. Performance will reach maximum potential at the optimum level only if cognitive arousal anxiety is kept low. If high cognitive anxiety coincides with high somatic arousal the athlete will go beyond the optimum level of arousal and is thought to have gone over the edge, where performance drops shown by a vertical line on the graph. After this, the performer can rejoin the upward curve of arousal and gain the optimal threshold again, to do this they have to lower cognitive anxiety.

The Global Problem of Spamming and Unsolicited E-mail Essay -- Interne

The Global Problem of Spamming and Unsolicited E-mail Introduction Spamming and unsolicited email has become a growing issue all over the world. As the internet grows, so does the problem of spamming. With the evolution of the internet, there has been a love and hate relationship among the spammed and the spammers. Before going into discussing further about spamming, we have to actually define spamming: Spamming is sending a message or multiple copies of a message to many inappropriate newsgroups or sending a single or multiple copies of a message to any mailbox for an individual who did not specifically request the email1. If we look at it even more simply we can define spamming as â€Å"any unsolicited e-mail†2. Therefore any email that is sent without the will or asking of the receiver can be more or less called as spamming. This does not mean that the email is not desired or disliked by the receiver. Often users might actually find certain type of unsolicited e-mail helpful. But whether liked or disliked if the email that is sent is ‘unsolicited’, it becomes spam and in some cases illegal. It is often misunderstood when it come to quantity. Often people mistakenly think that spamming only occurs when large numbers of emails are sent. But on the contrary even a single email that is ‘unsolicited’ or un-called for can be termed as spam. Spamming can take a variety of forms. Certain forms of emails may not even appear to be a spam at first but if we carefully examine the above definition and compare with it we will notice that these emails are actually spam. One of the most common forms of emails that we receive are advertisements. It is also the most abused term to describe spam. People use email advertisements and... ...ill 1629 http://www.jmls.edu/cyber/statutes/email/ca1629-2.html 10. Spinello, 33 11. Spinello, 38 12. Spinello, 28 References http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/s/spam.html http://www.aros.net/policies/spam.shtml Chain Emails: Just another Ploy or the Real McCoy? http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/features/chainmail.htm http://www.euro.cauce.org/en/countries/c_uk.html http://www.euro.cauce.org/en/countries/c_fr.html California Assembly Bill 1629 Summary of state spam laws Spam Statistics Spinello, Richard A., Computer Ethics and Social Values Top 10 Anti-Spam Tools for Windows ttp://email.about.com/cs/winspamreviews/tp/anti-spam.htm

Cosmetology and College Search

When wanting to be a good Cosmetologist that person has to have good work ethics as in being self-motivated with their work. Cosmetology careers are jobs that help someone’s appearance look better over time as the hair is done by a licensed worker (An Introduction to Cosmetology). For someone to be a good cosmetologist he or she has to have a creative mind and has to be a friendly person (An Introduction to Cosmetology).When that worker is working with someone’s hair, the main thing to remember is to ask the customer how the hair is going to be cut and the instructions of that person always needs to be followed in order to keep the customer. Cosmetology workers can earn lots of money if taken the right path to succeed their possibilities in the future.The general tasks a hairdresser may do daily and many more could include keeping work stations kept clean at all times and cleaning hair accessories after each use, being sure to ask the customer what hair style they would like and follow their instructions on how they want it, â€Å"look at the hair and give the customer a couple of ideas on how the hair style could look†, picking up the phone and taking customers calls and scheduling appointments, â€Å"going through all files and making sure they are updated with all the customers correct information†, being on cash register duty to take the customers money from them, selling hair care products is a major component of this career and cosmetologists like to show customers before they leave the salon and demonstrate the items that would work best with their hair for them to sell. (College Search and Planning Guide).A cosmetologist can â€Å"make an average of $11. 21 an hour and make an average of $43,250 a year† (College Search and Planning Guide). In order for a worker to make this much they usually have 40 hour workweeks. â€Å"In the United States, there are about 349,210 hairdresser/cosmetology jobs offered to people in in terest of being a cosmetologist†(College Search and Planning Guide). The work environment for hairdressers is 99% always clean to satisfy a customer in their own personal salon or someone else that owns that salon (College Search and Planning Guide).